Commercial and also Residential Roofing San Marcos TX: Your Option Issues

Safeguard Your House With Expert Roofing Providers



Are you fretted about the condition of your roof covering? Do not worry - protect your home with professional roofing solutions! Regular inspections are vital to capture any type of prospective issues. Watch out for signs of damage such as leakages or missing out on tiles. Select the right roofing material for your house when it's time for a substitute. Expert setup guarantees a job well done. Don't forget to preserve your roof for long life and defense. Trust the specialists to keep your residence safe and secure and safe.




The Relevance of Routine Roof Covering Inspections



You need to see to it to set up regular roofing assessments to maintain your home safeguarded from possible damage. Roofing system evaluations are a crucial part of keeping the total stability of your residence. By having a professional professional roofer evaluate your roof covering on a normal basis, you can determine any type of prospective concerns prior to they come to be significant issues. During these evaluations, the service provider will extensively examine your roofing system for any indications of damage, such as missing out on or damaged tiles, leaks, or structural problems. They will certainly also look for any type of signs of deterioration, such as splits or damage. By identifying these problems early, you can avoid additional damages as well as potentially conserve on your own from expensive repairs down the line.


Regular roofing system evaluations are specifically vital after serious weather condition occasions, such as solid winds or heavy rainstorms. These events can cause considerable damage to your roofing system, as well as it's essential to have it examined to make certain that any type of necessary repair services are made quickly.




Indications of Roofing Damages to Watch Out For



Take a minute to examine if there are any indications of damage on your roofing system. It's crucial to routinely check your roof to catch any type of concerns early and also prevent additional damages to your residence. By routinely inspecting for these indications of damage, you can take the needed actions to safeguard your residence and also make sure the longevity of your roof.




Selecting the Right Roof Covering Product for Your Residence



Picking the appropriate roof covering product for your residence can significantly affect its toughness and also general visual charm. On the other hand, if your home has a modern-day or contemporary style, materials like concrete tiles or steel sheets can provide it a smooth and stylish appearance. By very carefully taking into consideration these aspects, you can select the excellent roof material that meets your demands and also improves the appeal as well as sturdiness of your home.




The Conveniences of Specialist Roof Covering Installment



It's important to employ an expert who can make certain a safe and durable result when it comes to obtaining your roof mounted. Trying to set up a roofing system by yourself you can try here might seem like a cost-saving alternative, yet the advantages of professional roofing installation far outweigh any type of potential cost savings.




Metal Roofing San Marcos TxRoof Repair San Marcos Tx
Specialist contractors have the essential expertise as well as experience to install your roof appropriately. They recognize the ins and outs of different roofing materials as well as can recommend the best alternative for your certain requirements. They additionally have access to high-quality materials that might not be available to the ordinary home owner.


In enhancement, expert roof covering installment provides a guarantee of top quality workmanship. These experts have gone through comprehensive training and also are furnished with the right tools and strategies to guarantee a resilient and also safe roof. They will certainly also comply with developing laws and codes, offering you assurance that your roof is up to criterion.




 


One more advantage of employing professionals is the moment and initiative conserved. Roof covering installation is a complex as well as time-consuming process that calls for careful planning and implementation. By working with experts, you can focus on other facets of your life while they deal with the setup effectively and also properly.


Ultimately, buying specialist roof installation is a smart decision. It not just assures a durable as blog here well as safe roofing yet additionally saves you time, initiative, and also prospective expensive repair services in the future. When it comes to your roof covering, count on the experts to get the job done.




 



Keeping Your Roof Covering for Longevity and also Security



To make sure the durability as well as security of your roofing, it's vital to regularly inspect for any indicators of damages or wear. Start by my latest blog post visually inspecting your roof from the ground, looking for missing out on or harmed tiles, loosened or broken blinking, as well as any signs of sagging or water damages. It's likewise important to inspect your seamless gutters and also downspouts for debris or obstructions that can cause water to back up and potentially harm your roofing.




Metal Roofing San Marcos TxRoof Replacement San Marcos Tx



Conclusion



Finally, it is critical to safeguard your home with professional roof services. Normal roof assessments assist recognize any type of prospective damages, allowing for timely repairs. Watch out for indicators such as leakages, missing roof shingles, or drooping areas. When choosing the right roof covering material, think about aspects like longevity and looks. Expert roofing system installation makes sure proper installation and improves the long life of your roofing. Normal upkeep will certainly help lengthen the life of your roofing, supplying the necessary defense for your home. Don't forget your roof covering - invest in skilled services for assurance.


You must make sure to set up routine roof inspections to maintain your residence secured from prospective damage. During these assessments, the professional will thoroughly analyze your roof covering for any kind of signs of damage, such as missing out on or harmed tiles, leaks, or architectural concerns. By routinely checking for these indications of damages, you can take the required actions to shield your residence and make certain the durability of your roof covering.


Beginning by visually inspecting your roofing system from the ground, looking for missing or damaged shingles, damaged or loose blinking, as well as any kind of indications of sagging or water damage. Expert roofing system installation makes sure proper installation and also improves the durability of your roof covering.

 

Roofing Company - The Facts

Getting The Roofing Near Me To Work


In the roofing sector, there are 4 kinds of roofing contractors. 4 Kinds of Roofing Companies Small organization roofing professionals are run by one or two people, with possibly a secretary as well as one or two staffs.




Roofing Near MeRoof Repairs
With a gross revenue of around $13 million a year, these business do not have much expenses or earnings margins (roofing company). As a result, they can't use a great deal of choices or negotiate reduced prices. With this kind of contractor, you could function straight with the owner of the business, which will help you obtain a feeling for the values of the firm and whether they can handle your job.


That indicates they won't always be readily available for client assistance calls. If the owner isn't servicing your project, there will not likely be a task manager, which implies you may need to step in and also load that duty. Be prepared to keep an eye on the job to make certain it remains on routine and gets done to your specifications.




All about Roof Repairs


Roof RepairsRoof Repairs
They often tend to be lower valued and also have reduced expenses. You might obtain to work straight with the owner of the firm. They could be more versatile to function with given that it's their business. Smaller sized business do not constantly have a service department. If the owner's on a roofing or on a sales phone call, he can't take your phone call.


Be prepared to manage the total job. Full-service roofers focus on just that: service.




Despite the type of task, they provide a solution layer on top. As an outcome, they supply among the finest customer experiences. Their emphasis gets on making it hassle-free to collaborate with them. You can arrange a visit online. They give a work site support individual who is onsite all the time for your job, so you have somebody who can address your concerns and also interface with the staff for you.




6 Easy Facts About Roofing Services Described


They might have multiple offices and also bigger service locations. They concentrate on consumer solution and also long-lasting partnerships. They might not be willing to make use of low-grade products just to match a rival's rate or win the quote.


Usually, they do one or the other, however not both. Sales roofers tend to have a big sales pressure, which means they can arrange your roof substitute swiftly.


While they have a great deal of options offered, this type of contractor commonly presents the highest possible valued alternatives (Grandmark Energy). Be prepared to work out for the products as well as pricing you really feel most comfy with. Likewise, if you disrupt the discussion to ask tough concerns, the sales rep will certainly in some cases get annoyed.




Indicators on Roofing Near Me You Need To Know


Find out extra concerning zero-interest financing right here. Because these are huge firms, they'll do the job. But they aren't concentrated on the client experience, as well as you'll notice that difference from the very first time you speak with them. Retail sales roofers will do normal roofing system replacements as well as should have a client solution department.


They could offer in-house financing (i. e., zero-percent funding) or anticipate you to pay for the roofing system out of pocket. If a sales roofing contractor is a tornado chaser, that's normally all they do. They're insurance-focused, and also their entire service is dealing with the insurance coverage procedure for you. They'll request a long sales presentation with all weblink decision manufacturers present, which gives you the chance to ask any questions you may have.


They may have accessibility to a wide variety of materials, which can aid you locate a cost you're comfy with. The cost is frequently negotiable therefore. They usually have multiple teams, which implies they might have the ability to reach your project sooner. Sales discussions can be prolonged and overwhelming.




Indicators on Roofing Services You Need To Know


They generally have a number of crews operating in the exact same area. Service could not be offered after your roof covering has actually been fixed as well as the teams have actually left the area. They provide lower guarantees and might utilize more affordable products. They may not provide a whole lot of alternatives. As you can see, each kind of roofer has their pros as well as cons.


Examine your choices carefully, and also make the choice that you really feel most comfortable with.




Roofing Near MeRoofing Company
There are many various kinds of roof shingles as well as tiles utilized on residential roofs. Shingles as well as ceramic tiles can suffer damages over time from natural aspects like natural catastrophes and overexposure to sun, and also physical elements like dropped tree branches. You will likely experience several of the complying with tile repair services: With time, the roof shingles and also ceramic tiles can start to wear away and also shed items or granules, leaving the lower surface areas exposed.




What Does Roofing Services Mean?


Without prompt interest, these shingle issues can promptly rise as water runs beneath the surrounding shingles or floor tiles. As long as the remainder of your roof covering is in excellent form, your roof covering professional will likely be able to change a tiny part of the tiles to remedy this trouble.


Most problems with seamless gutter happen due to the fact that they are sporadically cleaned up as well as lack basic maintenance. The fallen leaves, branches, and also various other debris that accumulates in your rain gutters can trigger them to overflow, as well as even remove from your roofing. This can additionally create the fascia board to deteriorate. To stop these issues, you have to have your gutters cleansed on a minimum of a quarterly basis.

 

Top Guidelines Of Washington Dc Roof Repair

How Roofers In Washington Dc can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


Certainly, delays can take place, but setting expectations can assist keep the job running smoothly. Talk via turning points, approximated completion days, and also any type of preparation work needed prior to setup, such as cleansing or purchasing materials. You'll also intend to learn any days you'll need to be house during the job as well as when you can schedule a last rundown to make sure every little thing is to your liking.


Listed below we've consisted of an useful checklist of 30 concerns you ought to ask your contractor before employing them. Picture: Huntstock/ Brand Name X Images/ Getty Images How much time have you stayed in business? Is your service neighborhood? Are you an accredited roofer? What is your lawful company name as well as address? Do you make use of roofing subcontractors? Do you have other completed tasks that I can see? That will be the major call for this job, and what is the feedback turn-around time if I have concerns? That will be supervising the roof covering installation for high quality? Can I discover evaluations anywhere online? What is your specialty? When can you give a written estimate, Does the cost include products? If you discover roofing damages, just how much would certainly it cost to change the roof covering? Do I require a structure authorization for this specific work? If so, when will you have that all set? Just how do you deal with repayment? Just how will you stay clear of looking at budget? What portion of jobs do you start and also complete on schedule? Just how soon can you arrange my work? Just how long will my project take? Will you inspect my roofing system as well as let me understand if anything is needed before starting the job? Has your group been trained in my sort of roof? How will the roofing contractor leave the work site at the end of daily? Will whatever be put in a specific part of my yard? Just how do you ensure safety is a top priority for your workers? What will you do if there are unanticipated weather problems? Will you secure my home from any kind of damages? Will my driveway be protected from any roof fragments? What type of service warranty do you provide on your work? What degree of roof insurance policy do you have? What is your setup process?.




Dupont RoofingDupont Roofing
Commercial roof as well as household roof coverings mostly have the same function of protecting home. They are rather different when it comes to the materials used to build as well as mount them. Business roofing systems are generally composed of single-ply (TPO, PVC, EPDM), concrete, modified bitumen, built-up roof, tar as well as gravel, and much more.


Green roofing systems have actually come to be popular in recent times and also are a sustainable alternative for homes. They can improve performance as well as handle water and drainage issues. They are additionally aesthetically pleasing as well as environmentally pleasant business roof product. Depending upon the product, rates, labour hours, and problem level, the installment method of an industrial roof can differ considerably.




The Single Strategy To Use For Flat Roof Repair


Important authorizations required in your location to mount as well as repair the commercial roofing. The extent of services as well as the overall area of the roof will substantially influence the total expense of commercial roof covering services.




At Stability Roofers, we have certified roofing professionals to supply comprehensive services as per the diverse requirements of our consumers - flat roof repair. We have the competence, experience, as well as resources to help set up and preserve all kinds of industrial roof. Whether you need a commercial roofing evaluation, maintenance, repair service, substitute, or any various other solutions, we can help.




 

 



Ceramic tile prevails in the Southwest and also Florida because it shows warmth and matches Mediterranean-style residences, while slate roof is a much more preferred choice in the Northeast, where Victorian and Gothic residences from the 1800s are still quite usual. Steel roof can be found throughout the nation. The efficiency of these options truly relies on the ability of the installer, yet these roofings generally last longer than asphalt.


The high price of all-natural slate and tile roofings has actually caused the current introduction of synthetic tile and slate roof covering items made from various materials including rubber, plastic, and clay. These roof coverings do not last as long as real slate roofing systems, however they're less costly and also don't call for a skilled mason to set up.




Not known Details About Washington Dc Roof Repair


 


As well as if brand-new shingles can be laid on top of the old ones, you'll conserve cash over having the old shingles torn off and also going back to square one. Nonetheless, you or the contractor must talk to your municipality to see what's allowed; if 2 layers are already installed, you could not be permitted to include one more.


If you offer your house, a transferable roofing system guarantee can be a perk to a potential purchaser. If you could add solar panels to your brand-new roofing system, examine the guarantee of the roof shingles you're thinking about to make certain a solar-panel installment won't void it.


Roof examinations are crucial for a long more tips here long-term roof covering. The Jamar Business has years of industrial roof examination experience.


Ceramic tile is typical in the Southwest as well as Florida because it shows warmth and also matches Mediterranean-style homes, while slate roof covering is a more sites popular choice in the Northeast, where Victorian as well as Gothic residences from the 1800s are still fairly usual. Metal roof covering can be discovered throughout the country. The performance of these alternatives really depends on the skill of the installer, yet these roofings commonly last longer than asphalt.




All About Roofers In Washington Dc


The high price of natural slate and floor tile roofing systems has actually brought about the current introduction of artificial ceramic tile and also slate roof items constructed from various products consisting of rubber, plastic, and also clay. These roof coverings don't last as long as real slate roofings, however they're much less expensive as well as don't call for a skilled mason to install.


And also if new roof shingles can be laid on top of the old ones, you'll conserve money over having the old roof shingles torn off as well as going back to square one. You or the professional should examine with your municipality to see what's permitted; if 2 layers are currently installed, you may not be enabled to add another.




Roofers In Washington DcRoofers In Washington Dc
If you sell your house, a transferable roofing system check this service warranty can be a perk to a potential purchaser. If you may add solar panels to your brand-new roof, examine the guarantee of the roof shingles you're taking into consideration to make sure a solar-panel setup will not nullify it.


Roof covering evaluations are necessary for a durable roof. The Jamar Firm has years of industrial roof covering evaluation experience. As participants of the NRCA and also the MRCA, our specialists have the knowledge to give extensive examinations and highly comprehensive records. As a result of the rough Midwest climate condition, we suggest 2 examinations yearly, generally in the Spring as well as Autumn.

 

The Facts About Roofing Contractor Bowie Uncovered

Some Known Questions About Bowie Residential Roofing.


When picking shingles for your roofing, first factors are just how the completed roof covering will appear. A terrific roofing organization gives you with choices for a number of roof shingles shades and designs. You need to likewise have the ability to discover selections in stain-resistant or low-maintenance roof shingles. If the rain gutters on your residence are unequal or dripping, you will certainly require them restored and corrected prior to them effectively routing the water far from your home.




 

 



If a roofing is not properly taken care of or mounted there is a big amount of residential property damage that could happen to the products inside your house or firm and also it may result in a great bargain of suffering. Lu - bowie residential roofing.


Working With the Right Roofers in Irving TXRoofers are individuals that set up roof floor tiles. They are likewise referred to as Roofer or roofing woodworkers. There are different kinds of however the types can be separated into 4 main groups: These are contractors who are primarily in charge of mounting roof shingles, floor tiles, trembles and other products that obtain nailed right into the roofing.


The reason industrial roof setup is considered more technological is because the roofings generally are flat, otherwise they are slightly sloped, therefore needing mindful and much more constant upkeep. Residential roof contractors are those who set up roofs on personal properties as well as on residences. Residential roofing systems are usually finished by a number of individuals.




The smart Trick of Roofing Contractor Bowie Md That Nobody is Talking About


Roofing Contractor BowieBowie Roofing Company
When looking for to use contractors, take care of the complying with 5 things: A professional roofer who states that it's the right thing to roof shingles over currently current roof shingles is not the ideal roofing professional, since if a roofing contractor suggests something it shows their uninterest in getting the job done properly.


Shingling over already existing roof shingles is never ever recommended as it includes weight to your roofing system and also there can be numerous problems with the old tiles or beneath them - roof replacement bowie. Also if a claims he will certainly get the job done less expensive for you if you consent to let them roof shingles over the currently existent tiles, do not succumb to it since this is most likely to create concerns for you over time which will certainly be rather hefty on your pocket.


After all, nailing roof shingles into wood that is rotten and soft is likely to lead to the roofing creating problems within a couple of months or less. If your roof covering calls for brand-new plywood, after that be certain to ask your roofer to provide you with the cost in a written contract. normally include the expense of setup together with the expense of the brand-new plywood that calls for installation.




Bowie Residential RoofingBowie Residential Roofing

 



If the variety of sheets got to 50 or even more, a lot of will certainly bring the cost down and also make it much more economical for the client. The consumer is always better off if they negotiate the cost in advance, otherwise the roofing contractor has the benefit. It is constantly best to ask the contractor straight concerning the ideal cost they are eager to provide for new plywood.




Facts About Roofing Contractor Bowie Md Revealed


When acquiring tiles it is vital to be familiar with which brand you are acquiring in addition to what the guarantee is. It is always best to stick to recognized brand names such as Specific, Teed, GAF as well as Owens Corning. GAF provides a 50 year warranty on all of its roof products.




 


Additionally ask if the staff members are guaranteed with workers' settlement insurance. This is essential since incase the roofing contractors do something that causes damage to the household or commercial building or home after that responsibility insurance will cover the prices that would otherwise be birthed by the proprietor of the home of organization.


Usually proprietors of household buildings or homes do not as if the roofers are covered for both kinds of insurance policy. Nonetheless regardless of whether you are employing a for residential or commercial objectives always ask for evidence that the specialists are without a doubt insured. There are a variety of good roofers in Irving TX and since you are mindful of the fundamental points to be keeping an eye out for when hiring a go ahead and also have your roofing system installed by the ideal roofing system service providers.




Roofing Companies Bowie MarylandRoofing Contractor In Bowie


We provide different roof covering kinds throughout the Greater Cincinnati location, including asphalt roof tile, tile roofing, steel roof, and also other roof covering items. We can likewise offer a roofing examination, roof covering maintenance as well as improvements, paint, siding, and window services. For a complete list of whatever we need to supply, continue reading listed below (roofing company in bowie md).




The Ultimate Guide To Roofing Contractor Bowie


Selecting the kind of roofing product you desire for your replacement is a big decision. You have to research study and take in so much information to select the appropriate one for your particular circumstance.


Currently we want to do the exact same for you. This short article begins by offering you the top 5 sorts of roofing materials as well as a little details concerning every one. Afterwards, we give you the 3 questions you need to ask on your own when picking which roofing product is right for you.


There are 5 that we see property owners from all over the country gravitate in the direction of, particularly in the Nashville area. The factor for its appeal is because it's one of the most economical kind of roof covering on the market. An asphalt roof is made click this up of mainly asphalt roof shingles as well as other asphalt roof components.




 


This permits the my review here steel panels to expand as well as acquire easily when the metal warms up. While not as common as asphalt, standing joint steel roof covering is coming to be increasingly more prominent in the roof covering sector. It'll be 2 to three times a lot more expensive than an asphalt tile roof covering.




The smart Trick of Roofing Company In Bowie Md That Nobody is Discussing


While you can get it as a complete roof covering blog system, home owners also add a standing seam metal roofing system accent to their asphalt roof replacement for a protected veranda, dormers, flat roofing system elements, and a lot more. To make the actual roof shingles, cedar trees are cut right into 2-foot areas and also hand split or sawed right into a tapered density (tapersawn).

 

Metal Roofing Philadelphia Things To Know Before You Buy

Indicators on Commercial Roofing Philadelphia You Need To Know


When picking shingles for your roof covering, preliminary elements are how the finished roof will appear. You must also be able to discover choices in stain-resistant or low-maintenance tiles.




If a roof is not properly fixed or mounted there is a big amount of residential or commercial property damages that can strike the products inside your residence or business and it might result in a large amount of suffering. Lu.




Some Known Factual Statements About Metal Roofing Philadelphia


Ever before since the dawn of humankind, humans require sanctuary from the aspects, such as rainfall, snow, sleet, and hailstorm. Initially, roofings were extremely fundamental, from branches to wood and clay. Every initiative was made to make roofings weather-proof, maintaining the rainfall out to ensure that everything within would stay dry, warm, and also safeguarded.


If that is not foundationally sound, then your roofing will certainly degrade at a fast rate. A roofing's structure includes its trusses, beam of lights, and also rafters, in addition to the underlying roof covering sheathing. You can assume of the structure of your roofing system as the timber you see when a brand-new home is being constructed.




What Does Roof Repair Philadelphia Do?


United Veterans Roofing - PhiladelphiaRoofers Philadelphia
Picking the kind of roofing material you want for your replacement is a substantial choice. You have to research and soak up a lot details to pick the ideal one for your particular scenario. The hardest part of making this big choice is definitely the research study side. There's so much info out there, it's truthfully overwhelming.


Now we desire to do the exact same for you. This post starts by giving you the leading 5 sorts of roof products and also a little information concerning every one. After that, we offer you the 3 inquiries you require to ask on your own when picking which roofing product is ideal for you.




Getting My United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia To Work


Nevertheless, there are 5 that we see property owners from throughout the nation gravitate towards, especially in the Nashville area. The reason for its appeal is since it's one of the most budget-friendly sort of roof on the market. An asphalt roofing system is comprised of mostly asphalt roof shingles and other asphalt roofing components.




 


This enables the metal panels to expand and also acquire easily when the metal warms up. While not as usual as asphalt, standing joint steel roof is coming to be a lot more as well as more popular in the roof covering market. However, it'll be 2 to 3 times more pricey than an asphalt shingle roofing system.




Not known Facts About United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Commercial Roofers


While you can get it as a complete roof system, house owners also add a standing seam metal roof accent to their asphalt roofing replacement for a protected patio, dormers, flat roofing elements, and also a lot more. To make the actual tiles, cedar trees are reduced right into 2-foot areas and hand split or sawed right into a conical density (tapersawn).


If you function in the roof covering industry, you could be able view it to tell the difference between the composite shingles and the roof covering material it simulates. You, your neighbors, or anybody walking by won't be able to inform the distinction from the ground. If you have the spending plan, a composite shingle roofing system is a wonderful and resilient roofing product.




The Of Metal Roofing Philadelphia


The slate itself is mined (mostly in Italy) as well as reduce right into square floor tiles. my latest blog post This makes changing your old roofing system with a new slate roofing system a really sluggish as well as costly procedure.




 

 



, however you need to assume concerning the look you desire see this your roofing system to have. A cedar shake roofing's lifespan is additionally around 30 years, but you can possibly obtain up to 50 years if you invest in top quality products and also live in an area with the right conditions.




 


If you're looking for the longest-lasting roof coverings on the market, a slate roof covering is the way to go with a life expectancy of 75 to 100 years. To find out more concerning the life-spans of the various kinds of roof covering products, read this article on how lengthy your brand-new roofing system will last.




Commercial Roofing Philadelphia Fundamentals Explained


After reading this, are you still having a hard time to discover the right kind of roof covering material for your substitute? It likewise gives you the cost, exactly how to locate a wonderful roof covering professional, exactly how to pay for a new roof covering, as well as much extra.


Since 1990, the group at Costs Ragan Roof covering has helped the locals of Nashville locate the best roofing for them. Here's your Complete Guide to Purchasing a Roof covering to discover everything there's to learn about getting a brand-new roof.




The Only Guide for United Veterans Roofing - Philadelphia Emergency Roof Repair


Metal Roofing PhiladelphiaRoofers Philadelphia
Employing the Right Roofers in Irving TXRoofers are individuals that set up roofing system ceramic tiles. They are likewise known as Roof covering Specialists or roofing carpenters. There are different kinds of however the kinds can be split right into four primary groups: These are roofing contractors that are mainly in charge of mounting roof shingles, floor tiles, shakes and also other products that get toenailed right into the roof.


The reason business roof covering installment is considered more technical is since the roofing systems normally are level, or else they are slightly sloped, hence requiring cautious and also extra constant upkeep. Residential roofer are those that set up roofing systems on exclusive residential properties and also on houses. Residential roofings are typically completed by numerous individuals.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15